Annotated Bib.

References

Hall, Melinda and GannBrace, Paul. “ The Vicissitudes of Death by Decree: Forces Influencing Capital Punishment Decision Making In State Supreme Courts.” Social Science Quarterly ( University Of Texas Press) 75.1 (1994): 136-151. Professional Development Collection. Web.25 Jan. 2014

• Melinda Hall, and Paul GannBrace for the University of Texas press. Takes into account multiple different states that use the death penalty and characteristics or traits in cases that could vary the verdict. Hall and GannBrace also state that whoever reviews the case can mean the difference between life in prison and death within capital states. 

Harrison, Christopher W. “ Close Up On Capital Punishment: challenging Students’ Ideas Of Justice.” Social Education 76.5 (2012): 249-250. ERIC. Web 25 Jan. 2014.

• Christopher W. Harrison covers a social experiment conducted on students to help them find their voice as global citizens. Harrison also states in his article that Capital Punishment Challenges some of the most cherished and universal values.

Lazere, Donald. “Camus And His Critics On Capital Punishment.” Modern Age 38.4 (1996): 371. Professional Development Collection. Web 25 Jan. 2014. 

• Lazere just does on to state Camus’ debates against capital punishment which were that it is not a crime deterrent and metaphysical and political argument.  He also depicts other writers who were against Camus. 

Liberman, Peter. “Retributive Support For International Punishment And Torture” Journal Of Conflict Resolution 57.2 (2013): 285-306. Professional Development Collection. Web 25 Jan. 2014. 

• Liberman discuses a hypothesis about normal people being bias with the death penalty when it comes to punishing foreign  bad guys. they rather have them pay for their crimes instead of worrying about national security. Liberman goes on to state that Americans that support the death penalty are generally bellicose toward foreign bad guys. 

McGarrell, Edmund F., and Marla Sandys. “ The Misperception Of Public Opinion Toward Capital Punishment.” American Behavioral Scientist 39.4 (1996): 500-13. ERIC.Web. 25 Jan. 2014.

• The authors are discussing an experiment in which a man named Bowers take into account public opinion to determine wether or not Capital Punishment violates the 8th amendment. come to find out that Bowers found that lawmakers do misread the opinions. 

Otto, CharlesW., Brandon K. Applegate,and Robin King Davis. “ Improving Comprehension Of Capital Sentencing Instructions: Debunking Juror Misconceptions.” Crime & Delinquency 53.3 (2007): 502-517. ERIC. Web 25 Jan. 2014. 

• Previous research showed that jurors may not have had a full understating with capital sentencing. So a test was conducted to help improve jurors understand this sort of sentencing and to even prove that there is a misunderstanding. the results showed that yes there was jurors that did not understand but it also showed that participants bias-refutation statements understood more than participants who were exposed to only the pattern instructions.

Rogers, Alan. “ Executing Democracy, Vol. 1: Capital Punishment And The Making Of America, 1683-1807 Executing Democracy, Vol. 2: Capital Punishment And The Making Of America, 1835-1843.” Journal of American History 100.3 (2013): 823-824.Professional Development Collection. Web 25. Jan. 2014. 

• This is a book in 2 sections that basically has a bunch of cases and goes into detail about them. I'm not sure if ill find what i need from this source. 

Sandys, Marla, and Edmund F. McGarrell . “Attitudes Toward Capital Punishment: Preference For The Penalty Or Mere Acceptance.” Journal Of Research In Crime And Delinquency 32.2 (1995): 191-213. ERIC. Web. 25 Jan. 2014. 

• Marla Sandys and Edmund McGarrell focuses on the support of capital punishment under specie circumstances.

Toth, Zoltan J. "The Capital Punishment Controversy In Hungary: Fragments On The Issues Of Deterrent Effect And Wrongful Convictions." European Journal Of Crime, Criminal Law & Criminal Justice 21.1 (2013): 37-58. Academic Search Premier. Web. 16 Feb. 2014. 

• An article written by Zoltan J. Toth in the 2013 European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice. Toth discusses the debate on Capital Punishment in Hungary then goes into the topics of whether or not capital punishment is a crime deterrent, what if someone was wrongfully convicted and wether or not it is morally right to sentence someone to death. 

Unnever, James D., and Francis T. Cullen.” Reassessing The Racial Divide In Support For Capital Punishment : The Continuing Significance Of Race.” Journal Of Research In Crime And Delinquency 44.1 92007): 124-158. ERIC. Web. 25 Jan. 2014.

• James Unnever, and Francis Cullen argue and debate over wether or not discrimination has a direct effect on the support of Capital Punishment. To determine if their hypothesis is correct the review data drawn from surveys across being a Native Southerner, Confidence in government officials, political orientation, and religious affliction.

References

“ American Civil Liberties Union.” American Civil Liberties Union N.p.,n.d. Web. 25 Jan.2014. 

• This is a website that contains multiple diffract topics and among these topics is the topic of capital punishment. Within my topic there are multiple different articles concerning my topic containing statistics, quotes, and different opinions. 

“Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS)- Capital Punishment, 2011-statistical Tables.” Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS)- Capital Punishment, 2011-statistical Tables. N.p.,n.d. Web. 25 Jan. 2014.

• This is a federal website that mostly contains statistics on multiple thing about capital punishment like “At yearend 2011, 35 states and the Federal Bureau of Prisons held 3,082 inmates under sentence of death, which was 57 fewer than at yearend 2010.”  Or “ Of prisoners under sentence of death at yearend, 55% were white and 42% were black. The 387 Hispanic inmates under sentence of death accounted for 14% of inmates with a known ethnicity.” and “ In 2012, 9 states executed 43 inmates, which was the same number executed in 2011.” but this website also contains cases and court issues. 

Cohen, Andrew. “ The Death Penalty: Why We Fight for Equal Justice.” The Atlantic. Atlantic Media Company, 19 Sept. 2011. Web. 25 Jan. 2014

• This is an article written by Andrew Cohen that goes into depth on how far we( as a country ) have to go, toward fair and accurate capital punishment in America. Cohen takes into account multiple different cases and debate topics that have to do with capital punishment while he depicts them and relates them back to the justice field. 

Cohen, Andrew. “ Yes, America, We Have Executed an Innocent Man.” The Atlantic. Atlantic Media Company, 14 May 2012. Web. 25 Jan. 2014. 

• This is another article written by Andrew Cohen about how “ unjust” capital punishment is. Cohen deeply reviews a case called the “ DeLuna Case” in while a man named Carlos DeLuna was put to death for a crime ( murder) he did not commit. 

“ Cruel and Unusual? A Short History of Capital Punishment in the U.S.” CBCnews. CBC/Radio Canada, n.d. Web. 25 Jan. 2014.this article contains not on the history of capital punishment but  statistics as well.  this article tells you able different methods of execution, how many times each has been used since 1976, who was the last person to die from each method, what one can get the death penalty for, race, gender and age, and which states still allow capital punishment? 

“ Death Penalty Is Dead Wrong: It’s Time to Outlaw Capital Punishment in America- Completely.” NY Daily News. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Jan. 2014

• In this article article written by Mario M. Cuomo, Cuomo states why we should get rid of capital punishment. he argues different debates and basically gives his reasoning to abolish the death penalty. 

“ On the Death Sentence.” By John Paul stevens. N.p.,n.p. Web. 25 Jan. 2014. 

• This is an article an in detail summary of a book called “ Peculiar Institution: Americas Death Penalty in an Age of Abolition”  by David Garland. this article gives a complete understanding of who the author was and what his true feeling of capital punishment is; one being “a strange social fact that stands in need of explanation.”

“U.S. Death Penalty Facts.” Amnesty International USA. N.p.,n.p. Web. 25 Jan. 2014.

• On the home page of this website it states “ Capital punishment does not work. There is a wealth of mounting evidence that proves this fact.” this website is designed to prove this statement. 

“ Vatican Statements.” Catholic Mobilizing Network. N..p.,n.d. Web. 25 Jan. 2014. 

• This is a website that shows a religious view on capital punishment. 

“ What’s New.” Death Penalty Information Center. N.p.,n.d. Web. 25 Jan. 2014. 

• This website has all kinds of articles relating to capital punishment; almost anything! the effects , studies ( many different kinds) supreme courts, mental retardation and so much more. it all relates back to the Death Penalty.